{
  "slug": "excluded-receiving-industry-payments",
  "title": "Federally excluded NPIs receiving industry payments (Open Payments)",
  "hypotheses": [
    "H32"
  ],
  "status": "published",
  "release_date": "PGYR2024 P01232026 (released 2026-01-10)",
  "generated_at": "2026-05-17T15:36:21+00:00",
  "methodology_version": "0.6.1-draft",
  "commit_sha": "334099e",
  "headline": "350 of 8,619 currently-active LEIE / SAM-excluded NPIs received industry payments from drug and device manufacturers in program year 2024 per CMS Open Payments. Combined paid amount: $3,826,596. Of those 350 matches, **198 were paid STRICTLY POST-EXCLUSION** (earliest LEIE/SAM exclusion year before 2024), with $166,984 in strict post-exclusion industry payments. 9 of the 350 matches are VA-resident per NDH; 2 of those VA-resident matches are also strict post-exclusion. The strict-post-exclusion subset is the regulatorily significant signal \u2014 pre-exclusion industry payments reflect work the provider was authorized to do at the time.",
  "numerator": 198,
  "denominator": 8619,
  "numerator_full_window": 350,
  "numerator_note": "Numerator = NPIs receiving industry payments in PY 2024 with LEIE/SAM exclusion-effective year < 2024. Full-window numerator (any 2024 payment, regardless of when exclusion took effect) = 350.",
  "data_source_release": "PGYR2024 P01232026 (released 2026-01-10)",
  "data_source_url": "https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/",
  "chart": {
    "type": "bar",
    "unit": "count",
    "data": [
      {
        "label": "LEIE/SAM NPIs receiving industry payments",
        "value": 350
      },
      {
        "label": "of which VA-resident",
        "value": 9
      }
    ]
  },
  "per_state": [
    {
      "state": "CA",
      "matches_full_window": 65,
      "matches_strict_post": 33,
      "total_paid_full_window": 33507.54,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 21251.59
    },
    {
      "state": "NY",
      "matches_full_window": 31,
      "matches_strict_post": 23,
      "total_paid_full_window": 46321.22,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 6632.59
    },
    {
      "state": "TX",
      "matches_full_window": 22,
      "matches_strict_post": 11,
      "total_paid_full_window": 128489.21,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 121189.16
    },
    {
      "state": "FL",
      "matches_full_window": 19,
      "matches_strict_post": 13,
      "total_paid_full_window": 305592.99,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 1658.08
    },
    {
      "state": "PA",
      "matches_full_window": 18,
      "matches_strict_post": 10,
      "total_paid_full_window": 21160.59,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 823.44
    },
    {
      "state": "TN",
      "matches_full_window": 18,
      "matches_strict_post": 8,
      "total_paid_full_window": 3654.42,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 926.77
    },
    {
      "state": "NJ",
      "matches_full_window": 14,
      "matches_strict_post": 9,
      "total_paid_full_window": 1368.74,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 856.78
    },
    {
      "state": "IL",
      "matches_full_window": 13,
      "matches_strict_post": 11,
      "total_paid_full_window": 855.76,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 588.75
    },
    {
      "state": "OH",
      "matches_full_window": 11,
      "matches_strict_post": 6,
      "total_paid_full_window": 7285.78,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 4941.13
    },
    {
      "state": "GA",
      "matches_full_window": 10,
      "matches_strict_post": 5,
      "total_paid_full_window": 818.01,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 330.8
    },
    {
      "state": "MI",
      "matches_full_window": 9,
      "matches_strict_post": 4,
      "total_paid_full_window": 2750.28,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 335.92
    },
    {
      "state": "VA",
      "matches_full_window": 9,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 1547.01,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 400.62
    },
    {
      "state": "PR",
      "matches_full_window": 9,
      "matches_strict_post": 7,
      "total_paid_full_window": 483.56,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 339.1
    },
    {
      "state": "LA",
      "matches_full_window": 8,
      "matches_strict_post": 4,
      "total_paid_full_window": 3017.7,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 597.06
    },
    {
      "state": "MO",
      "matches_full_window": 7,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 36589.13,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 149.98
    },
    {
      "state": "KY",
      "matches_full_window": 7,
      "matches_strict_post": 3,
      "total_paid_full_window": 5144.94,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 206.6
    },
    {
      "state": "IA",
      "matches_full_window": 7,
      "matches_strict_post": 5,
      "total_paid_full_window": 1000.51,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 360.02
    },
    {
      "state": "NC",
      "matches_full_window": 6,
      "matches_strict_post": 4,
      "total_paid_full_window": 1984.18,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 127.32
    },
    {
      "state": "IN",
      "matches_full_window": 5,
      "matches_strict_post": 3,
      "total_paid_full_window": 87676.68,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 1517.54
    },
    {
      "state": "NV",
      "matches_full_window": 5,
      "matches_strict_post": 3,
      "total_paid_full_window": 1091.45,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 477.44
    },
    {
      "state": "MS",
      "matches_full_window": 4,
      "matches_strict_post": 3,
      "total_paid_full_window": 45729.19,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 609.19
    },
    {
      "state": "WI",
      "matches_full_window": 4,
      "matches_strict_post": 3,
      "total_paid_full_window": 784.69,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 170.09
    },
    {
      "state": "AZ",
      "matches_full_window": 4,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 534.26,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 74.22
    },
    {
      "state": "WA",
      "matches_full_window": 4,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 360.31,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 266.37
    },
    {
      "state": "CO",
      "matches_full_window": 4,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 288.29,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 72.01
    },
    {
      "state": "OK",
      "matches_full_window": 3,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 3082791.01,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 19.29
    },
    {
      "state": "MN",
      "matches_full_window": 3,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 1318.86,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 242.7
    },
    {
      "state": "MA",
      "matches_full_window": 3,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 806.44,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 23.11
    },
    {
      "state": "SC",
      "matches_full_window": 3,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 948.64,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 458.75
    },
    {
      "state": "OR",
      "matches_full_window": 3,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 364.35,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 288.46
    },
    {
      "state": "AL",
      "matches_full_window": 3,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 133.13,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 117.94
    },
    {
      "state": "MD",
      "matches_full_window": 2,
      "matches_strict_post": 0,
      "total_paid_full_window": 1046.39,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 0
    },
    {
      "state": "NM",
      "matches_full_window": 2,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 559.92,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 559.92
    },
    {
      "state": "AR",
      "matches_full_window": 2,
      "matches_strict_post": 0,
      "total_paid_full_window": 174.89,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 0
    },
    {
      "state": "CT",
      "matches_full_window": 2,
      "matches_strict_post": 2,
      "total_paid_full_window": 115.66,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 115.66
    },
    {
      "state": "AK",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 59.34,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 59.34
    },
    {
      "state": "MT",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 40.73,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 40.73
    },
    {
      "state": "KS",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 30.01,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 30.01
    },
    {
      "state": "RI",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 29.87,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 29.87
    },
    {
      "state": "ME",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 0,
      "total_paid_full_window": 26.51,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 0
    },
    {
      "state": "NE",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 23.72,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 23.72
    },
    {
      "state": "DC",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 17.62,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 17.62
    },
    {
      "state": "UT",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 1,
      "total_paid_full_window": 17.54,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 17.54
    },
    {
      "state": "HI",
      "matches_full_window": 1,
      "matches_strict_post": 0,
      "total_paid_full_window": 17.51,
      "total_paid_strict_post": 0
    }
  ],
  "notes": "Aggregate file (PBLCTN_SMRY_BY_CR_BY_NTR_OF_PYMT) used rather than the line-detail file (~10M rows) \u2014 the aggregate gives per-NPI \u00d7 per-nature-code totals which is the right granularity for the exclusion join. Open Payments is itself public \u2014 drug and device manufacturers are required to report by the Sunshine Act / Physician Payments Sunshine Act (42 USC \u00a7 1320a-7h). AINPI's contribution is the systematic cross-join with the LEIE \u222a SAM active exclusion set, which has not been published. Per-state slices at /api/v1/states/<state>/h32-excluded-industry-payments.csv. Full national list at /api/v1/findings/excluded-receiving-industry-payments-detail.csv. Source CSV streamed once and partitioned across NDH practice states in memory."
}